CRM-RJ 870137 · RQE 20287 · Updated on 30/10/2026
What ACL reconstruction is
Since a torn ACL does not heal, surgery replaces it with a graft, fixed in bone tunnels in the femur and tibia in the position of the original ligament. It is done by arthroscopy, with a tiny camera and thin instruments. It allows evaluation and treatment, in the same procedure, of meniscus and cartilage injuries.
When it is indicated
- ACL tear with a feeling of giving way in daily life;
- athletes in sports with pivoting, jumping and change of direction;
- associated injuries, such as a repairable meniscus;
- young and active patients, or those with physical work demands.
Low-demand patients may be treated without surgery, with rehabilitation. The decision is made after exam and MRI.
Graft types
The most used are the hamstring tendons, the patellar tendon and the quadriceps tendon, all from the patient. In specific situations an allograft, tendon from a tissue bank, is used. The choice depends on age, sport, previous surgeries and the surgeon's experience.
Recovery
The knee is protected in the first weeks, and physical therapy starts soon to regain extension and flexion and reduce swelling. The next phase is strengthening and movement-control training. Light running is generally cleared after a few months, and return to pivoting sports, generally between 6 and 12 months, after functional tests. Adherence to rehabilitation is decisive for the outcome.
Risks and care
Risks include stiffness, infection, thrombosis, pain at the graft site and re-tear. They are explained in the consultation and minimized with proper technique and well-conducted rehabilitation.
